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  2. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

  3. Polarization density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_density

    In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material.

  4. Polar surface area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_surface_area

    Electrical potential surface of paracetamol showing polar areas in red and blue. The polar surface area (PSA) or topological polar surface area (TPSA) of a molecule is defined as the surface sum over all polar atoms or molecules, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, also including their attached hydrogen atoms.

  5. Relative permittivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity

    The relative static permittivity of a solvent is a relative measure of its chemical polarity. For example, water is very polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 80.10 at 20 °C while n-hexane is non-polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 1.89 at 20 °C. [26]

  6. Polarizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability

    Polarizability usually refers to the tendency of matter, when subjected to an electric field, to acquire an electric dipole moment in proportion to that applied field. It is a property of particles with an electric charge.

  7. Optical rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rotation

    Dextrorotation and laevorotation (also spelled levorotation) [1] [2] in chemistry and physics are the optical rotation of plane-polarized light.From the point of view of the observer, dextrorotation refers to clockwise or right-handed rotation, and laevorotation refers to counterclockwise or left-handed rotation.

  8. Circular polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization

    The next pair of illustrations is that of left-handed, counterclockwise circularly polarized light when viewed by the receiver. Because it is left-handed, the rightward (relative to the direction of travel) horizontal component is now lagging the vertical component by one quarter of a wavelength, rather than leading it.

  9. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Sanderson's model has also been used to calculate molecular geometry, s-electron energy, NMR spin-spin coupling constants and other parameters for organic compounds. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] This work underlies the concept of electronegativity equalization , which suggests that electrons distribute themselves around a molecule to minimize or to equalize ...