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Field corn, also known as cow corn, is a North American term for maize (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder (silage and meal), ethanol, cereal, and processed food products. The principal field corn varieties are dent corn , flint corn , flour corn (also known as soft corn) which includes blue corn ( Zea mays amylacea ), [ 1 ] and waxy corn .
The production of corn (Zea mays mays, also known as "maize") plays a major role in the economy of the United States. The US is the largest corn producer in the world, with 96,000,000 acres (39,000,000 ha) of land reserved for corn production. Corn growth is dominated by west/north central Iowa and east central Illinois. Approximately 13% of ...
Railroad grain elevator facilities (2014) 110 or greater grain car 100 to 109 Less than 99 Announced facility (2014) Map of U.S. states in the Corn Belt The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States and part of the Southern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States.
Maize is a major source of animal feed. As a grain crop, the dried kernels are used as feed. They are often kept on the cob for storage in a corn crib , or they may be shelled off for storage in a grain bin .
The separated materials are then reduced into food products utilized for human and animal consumption. It is estimated that 165 million bushels of maize are dry-milled per year. Currently, dry milling is mainly focused on corn-based products for human and animal consumption, or utilized during fuel ethanol production.
Instead of feed uses, corn stover can also be collected for use as bedding or litter for the livestock (that is, cellulosic bulk to catch and contain the animal manure), or it can be a vegetable manure that stays in the field as plant litter (serving as green manure, although less green than some others, with a higher C/N ratio).
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The use of agricultural land to grow feed rather than human food can be controversial (see food vs. feed); some types of feed, such as corn , can also serve as human food; those that cannot, such as grassland grass, may be grown on land that can be used for crops consumed by humans. In many cases the production of grass for cattle fodder is a ...