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Sizing or size is a substance that is applied to, or incorporated into, other materials—especially papers and textiles—to act as a protective filler or glaze.Sizing is used in papermaking and textile manufacturing to change the absorption and wear characteristics of those materials.
The sizing machine improved the process by sizing a warp before putting it into the loom. The warp threads are first wound onto a large beam, which is then placed at one end of the sizing machine. Then the warp is drawn off the beam and passes through a bath of boiling size, between sets of rollers and cooled, dried and rewound onto another beam.
There is no mandatory clothing size or labeling standard in the US, though a series of voluntary standards have been in place since the 1930s. The US government, however, did attempt to establish a system for women's clothing in 1958 when the National Bureau of Standards published Body Measurements for the Sizing of Women's Patterns and Apparel ...
Desizing, irrespective of what the desizing agent is, involves impregnation of the fabric with the desizing agent, allowing the desizing agent to degrade or solubilise the size material, and finally to wash out the degradation products. The major desizing processes are: Enzymatic desizing of starches on cotton fabrics; Oxidative desizing; Acid ...
Cold sizing, like all other cold forming processes, has a hot process counterpart. In addition to semi-finished parts, cold forming may be used on metal stock, sheet, bar, and rod stock. Cold sizing can be performed on various metals, both ferrous and non-ferrous, and even materials like polymers and plastics.
Oxford cloth is a type of woven fabric that is often employed to make dress shirts, sometimes called Oxford shirts, worn on casual to formal occasions. It emerged in the 18th century and expanded in popularity with the Industrial Revolution improving its manufactured quality.
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The insulation qualities of clothing materials are determined by the amount of "dead air" they can hold. The air is held in the voids inside the material itself as well as in the gaps between the clothing layers. Of the natural clothing materials, fur and leather provide the best insulation.