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  2. Economic equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_equilibrium

    Equilibrium may also be economy-wide or general, as opposed to the partial equilibrium of a single market. Equilibrium can change if there is a change in demand or supply conditions. For example, an increase in supply will disrupt the equilibrium, leading to lower prices. Eventually, a new equilibrium will be attained in most markets.

  3. Perfect competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_competition

    Equilibrium in perfect competition is the point where market demands will be equal to market supply. A firm's price will be determined at this point. In the short run, equilibrium will be affected by demand. In the long run, both demand and supply of a product will affect the equilibrium in perfect competition.

  4. Supply and demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand

    If the demand decreases, then the opposite happens: a shift of the curve to the left. If the demand starts at D 2, and decreases to D 1, the equilibrium price will decrease, and the equilibrium quantity will also decrease. The quantity supplied at each price is the same as before the demand shift, reflecting the fact that the supply curve has ...

  5. IS–LM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS–LM_model

    The money market equilibrium diagram. The LM curve shows the combinations of interest rates and levels of real income for which the money market is in equilibrium. It shows where money demand equals money supply. For the LM curve, the independent variable is income and the dependent variable is the interest rate.

  6. Market clearing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_clearing

    The market clears when the price reaches a point where demand and supply are in equilibrium, enabling individuals to buy or sell whatever they desire at that cost. When supply and demand are equal, a market clearing takes place. The market must experience a shortage or a surplus to reach this state. A shortage indicates that buyers are ...

  7. Walras's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walras's_law

    It follows that the market value of total excess demand in the economy must be zero, which is the statement of Walras's law. Walras's law implies that if there are n markets and n – 1 of these are in equilibrium, then the last market must also be in equilibrium, a property which is essential in the proof of the existence of equilibrium.

  8. Long run and short run - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_run_and_short_run

    This level of fixed capital is determined by the effective demand of a good. Changes in the economy, based on capital, variable and fixed cost can be studied by comparing the long-run equilibrium to before and after changes in the economy. In the long-run, consumers are better equipped to forecast their consumption preferences.

  9. Arrow–Debreu model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow–Debreu_model

    In mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions (convex preferences, perfect competition, and demand independence), there must be a set of prices such that aggregate supplies will equal aggregate demands for every commodity in the economy.