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The scapula may also be misplaced if a rib deep to it is not moving correctly. Often in the case of Shoulder impingement syndrome, the scapula may be anteverted such that the shoulder on the affected side appears protracted. The ribs that may cause such an anteversion of the scapula include ribs 2–8.
Levator scapulae forms part of the latter group together with rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, and trapezius. The trapezius evolved separately, but the other three muscles in this group evolved from the first eight or ten ribs and the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae (homologous to the ribs).
Dorsal scapular nerve syndrome can be caused by nerve compression syndrome. A winged scapula is the most common symptom. [7] Shoulder pain may occur. [7] It causes weakness in rhomboid major muscle, rhomboid minor muscle, and levator scapulae muscle. [7] The range of motion of the shoulder may be limited. [7] Treatment is usually conservative. [7]
The original technique was first described by Eden [4] in 1924 and verified by Lange in the 1950s. [5] [6] The rhomboid major and rhomboid minor were transferred laterally from the medial border of the scapula to the infraspinatous fossa, and the levator scapulae was transferred laterally to the spine of the scapula, near the acromion.
levator scapulae, m. splenius cervicis) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. [5]
Both rhomboids (major and minor) also act to retract the scapula, pulling it towards the vertebral column. The rhomboids work collectively with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. Antagonists to this function (upward rotators of the ...
Laterocollis is the tilting of the head from side to side. This is the "ear-to-shoulder" version. This involves many more muscles: ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, ipsilateral splenius, ipsilateral scalene complex, ipsilateral levator scapulae, and ipsilateral posterior paravertebrals. The flexion of the neck (head tilts forwards) is anterocollis.
levator scapulae, the upper fibers of the trapezius Scapular depression [12] The scapula is lowered from elevation. The scapulae may be depressed so that the angle formed by the neck and shoulders is obtuse, giving the appearance of "slumped" shoulders. [citation needed] pectoralis minor, lower fibers of the trapezius, subclavius, latissimus dorsi