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Acute kidney injury is diagnosed on the basis of clinical history and laboratory data. A diagnosis is made when there is a rapid reduction in kidney function , as measured by serum creatinine , or based on a rapid reduction in urine output, termed oliguria (less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for at least 6 hours).
Andrew S. Levey (born September 16, 1950) is an American nephrologist who transformed chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinical practice, research, and public health by developing equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (renal function), and leading the global standardization of CKD definition and staging.
The National Kidney Foundation publishes a number of scientific journals including the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease and the Journal of Renal Nutrition. The NKF also publishes the Kidney Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative, KDOQI, a comprehensive set of clinical practice guidelines. [citation needed]
Renal angina is a clinical methodology to risk stratify patients for the development of persistent and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). [1] The composite of risk factors and early signs of injury for AKI, renal angina is used as a clinical adjunct to help optimize the use of novel AKI biomarker testing.
Upon presentation of decreased renal function, it is recommended to perform a history and physical examination, as well as performing a renal ultrasound and a urinalysis. [ citation needed ] The most relevant items in the history are medications , edema , nocturia , gross hematuria , family history of kidney disease, diabetes and polyuria .
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European guidelines classify a pre-existing decreased kidney function to be a risk factor of contrast-induced nephropathy in the following cases: [5]. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 45 ml/min/1.73 m 2 of body surface area before intra-arterial administration with first-pass renal exposure (not passing lungs or peripheral circulation before kidneys), or in the intensive care unit