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Majority-Black Counties in the U.S. as of the 2020 United States Census. The term "Deep South" is defined in a variety of ways. Most definitions include the following states: Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. [3]
The proportion of free Black people in the Upper South increased markedly, from less than 1 percent of all Black people to more than 10 percent, even as the number of enslaved people was increasing overall. [26] More than half of the number of free Black people in the United States were concentrated in the Upper South. [26]
During the period of disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era, mainly the years 1890–1907, white Democrats passed new state constitutions and state laws, and used informal local practices across the South to prevent African American citizens from registering to vote and voting. States became one-party Democratic bastions in which the ...
The compromise counted three-fifths of each state's slave population toward that state's total population for the purpose of apportioning the U.S. House of Representatives. Even though slaves were denied voting rights, this gave Southern states more U.S. representatives and more presidential electoral votes than if slaves had not been counted.
Prior to the Civil War, Virginia was the largest slave state population wise and profited greatly from breeding and selling slaves to the Deep South. [70] These slaves were thoroughly integrated into colonial Virginian culture and brought their traditions from Virginia to the Deep South where they blended with Gullah and Creole traditions.
Many black people have moved to Maryland, Georgia, Florida, and Texas. They are joined by others migrating to jobs in states of the New South in a reverse of the Great Migration. [31] Per the 2020 Census, the Black population represented 40.9% of the D.C. population [33] — a considerable decline from 75% in the late-1970s. At the same time ...
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The migration changed the demographics in a number of states; there were decades of Black population decline, especially across the Deep South "black belt" where cotton had been the main cash crop [32]: 18 — but had been devastated by the arrival of the boll weevil. [42]