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Pyloric stenosis should be suspected in any infant with severe vomiting. On physical exam, palpation of the abdomen may reveal a mass in the epigastrium . This mass, which consists of the enlarged pylorus, is referred to as the 'olive', [ 14 ] and is sometimes evident after the infant is given formula to drink.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. [4] [1] Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, multi-organ failure, and potentially death.
It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy (polyhydramnios) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies. Newborns present with bilious or non-bilous vomiting (depending on where in the duodenum the obstruction is) within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth, typically after their first oral feeding.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non IgE-mediated food allergy to a specific trigger within food, most likely food protein.As opposed to the more common IgE food allergy, which presents within seconds with rash, hives, difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis, FPIES presents with a delayed reaction where vomiting is the primary symptom.
Galactosemia is normally first detected through newborn screening which if available, is able to diagnose the majority of affected infants. [ citation needed ] A galactosemia test is a blood test (from the heel of the infant ) or urine test that checks for three enzymes that are needed to change galactose sugar that is found in milk and milk ...
Some 25% to 40% of young children are reported to have feeding problems—mainly colic, vomiting, slow feeding, and refusal to eat. [11] It has been reported that up to 80% of infants with developmental handicaps also demonstrate feeding problems while 1 to 2% of infants aged less than one year show severe food refusal and poor growth. [12]
Non-medication based approaches to treat neonatal symptoms include swaddling the infant in a blanket, minimizing environmental stimuli, and monitoring sleeping and feeding patterns. [36] Breastfeeding promotes infant attachment and bonding and is associated with a decreased need for medication. These approaches may lessen the severity of NAS ...
Tracheoesophageal fistula is suggested in a newborn by copious salivation associated with choking, coughing, vomiting, and cyanosis coincident with the onset of feeding. Esophageal atresia and the subsequent inability to swallow typically cause polyhydramnios in utero.