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Pyloric stenosis should be suspected in any infant with severe vomiting. On physical exam, palpation of the abdomen may reveal a mass in the epigastrium . This mass, which consists of the enlarged pylorus, is referred to as the 'olive', [ 14 ] and is sometimes evident after the infant is given formula to drink.
It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy (polyhydramnios) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies. Newborns present with bilious or non-bilous vomiting (depending on where in the duodenum the obstruction is) within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth, typically after their first oral feeding.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. [4] [1] Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, multi-organ failure, and potentially death.
Galactosemia is normally first detected through newborn screening which if available, is able to diagnose the majority of affected infants. [ citation needed ] A galactosemia test is a blood test (from the heel of the infant ) or urine test that checks for three enzymes that are needed to change galactose sugar that is found in milk and milk ...
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non IgE-mediated food allergy to a specific trigger within food, most likely food protein.As opposed to the more common IgE food allergy, which presents within seconds with rash, hives, difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis, FPIES presents with a delayed reaction where vomiting is the primary symptom.
At feeding times they may react negatively to attempts to feed them, and refuse to eat. [3] Other symptoms include head turns, crying, difficulty in chewing or vomiting and spitting whilst eating. Many children may have feeding difficulties and may be picky eaters, but most of them still have a fairly healthy diet.
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Babies who cry may simply be hungry, uncomfortable, or ill. [16] Less than 10% of babies who would meet the definition of colic based on the amount they cry have an identifiable underlying disease. [17] Cause for concern include: an elevated temperature, a history of breathing problems or a child who is not appropriately gaining weight. [9]