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Reaming itself can be conducted either in an existing borehole ("pilot reaming") or during the drilling operation ("reaming while drilling"). Underreaming is primarily used to allow a wider clearance for running and cementing the casing correctly, either due to restrictions (swelling shales, tortuosity) or to be able to run a larger casing size.
A schematic overview of the machinery used irony a raised boring. A raise borer is a machine used in underground mining, to excavate a circular hole between two levels of a mine without the use of explosives. The raise borer is set up on the upper level of the two levels to be connected, on an evenly laid platform (typically a concrete pad).
Directional boring machine. Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig.
It was invented independently in Switzerland and the United States. [1] It resembles a specialized kind of milling machine that provides tool and die makers with a higher degree of positioning precision (repeatability) and accuracy than those provided by general machines. Although capable of light milling, a jig borer is more suited to highly ...
The continuous use of a coolant stream during the reaming process has been shown to consistently (75% of the time) result in hole sizes that are 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) larger than the reamer itself, with a process spread of +/- 0.0002 in. the remainder of the time. Similarly, using a semi-wet reaming process often results in hole sizes that are ...
A part's-eye view of a boring bar. Hole types: Blind hole (left), through hole (middle), interrupted hole (right). In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled (or cast) by means of a single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head containing several such tools), such as in boring a gun barrel or an engine cylinder.
Pipe ramming (sometimes also called pipe jacking) is a trenchless method for installation of steel pipes and casings. Distances of 30 m (150 feet) or more and over 500 mm (20 inches) in diameter are common, although the method can be used for much longer and larger installations.
Within the traditional operations, there are two categories of machining based on the shape they machine; being circular shapes that includes; turning, boring, drilling, reaming, threading and more, and various/straight shapes that includes; milling, broaching, sawing, grinding and shaping.