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  2. Alpha particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle

    Secondly, he found the charge-to-mass ratio of alpha particles to be half that of the hydrogen ion. Rutherford proposed three explanations: 1) an alpha particle is a hydrogen molecule (H 2) with a charge of 1 e; 2) an alpha particle is an atom of helium with a charge of 2 e; 3) an alpha particle is half a helium atom with a charge of 1 e.

  3. Rutherford scattering experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering...

    For Rutherford's alpha particle scattering from gold, with mass of 197, the reduced mass is very close to the mass of the alpha particle: = + = For lighter aluminium, with mass 27, the effect is greater: = + = a 13% difference in mass. Rutherford notes this difference and suggests experiments be performed with lighter atoms.

  4. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    These experiments demonstrated that alpha particles "scattered" or bounced off atoms in ways unlike Thomson's model predicted. In 1908 and 1910, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in Rutherford's lab showed that alpha particles could occasionally be reflected from gold foils. If Thomson was correct, the beam would go through the gold foil with very ...

  5. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_backscattering...

    Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science.Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions (typically protons or alpha particles) impinging on a sample.

  6. Nuclear reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reaction

    Examples: (α,n) and (α,p) reactions. Some of the earliest nuclear reactions studied involved an alpha particle produced by alpha decay, knocking a nucleon from a target nucleus. (d,n) and (d,p) reactions. A deuteron beam impinges on a target; the target nuclei absorb either the neutron or proton from the deuteron. The deuteron is so loosely ...

  7. Associated particle imaging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_particle_imaging

    When an alpha particle and gamma-ray are observed within a very small window of time (under 80 ns [3]), they are considered to originate from the same fusion reaction. The velocity of the neutron and gamma-ray are known, as is the trajectory of the associated alpha (and therefore the neutron), so the location of the neutron-nucleus interaction ...

  8. Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Laboratory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_U-238_Atomic...

    Gilbert cloud chamber, assembled An alternative view of kit contents. The lab contained a cloud chamber allowing the viewer to watch alpha particles traveling at 12,000 miles per second (19,000,000 m/s), a spinthariscope showing the results of radioactive disintegration on a fluorescent screen, and an electroscope measuring the radioactivity of different substances in the set.

  9. Cloud chamber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_chamber

    Fig. 5 shows an example of an alpha particle from a Pb-210 pin-type source undergoing Rutherford scattering. Just above the cold condenser plate there is a volume of the chamber which is sensitive to ionization tracks. The ion trail left by the radioactive particles provides an optimal trigger for condensation and cloud formation.