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Letharia vulpina, commonly known as the wolf lichen (although the species name vulpina, from vulpine relates to the fox), is a fruticose lichenized species of fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. It is bright yellow-green, shrubby and highly branched, and grows on the bark of living and dead conifers in parts of western and continental Europe and ...
Letharia is a genus of fruticose lichens belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. [2]There were historically two species of Letharia: L. vulpina and L. columbiana. [3] Recent molecular sequence studies published in 2016 confirm at least 6 species in Western North America alone, with more expected to be confirmed using similar methods in other parts of the world.
Letharia vulpina, a species of fruticose lichen. A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure.It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts. [1]
Letharia vulpina, the wolf lichen. Only a few lichens are truly poisonous, with species of Letharia and Vulpicida being the primary examples. These lichens are yellow because they have high concentrations of the bright yellow toxin vulpinic acid. Wolf lichen (Letharia vulpina) was used in Scandinavia to poison wolves.
Wolf lichen Letharia vulpina) Wolf lichens in the genus Letharia are the most conspicuous in the Sierra parks because of their brilliant fluorescent yellow or chartreuse coloration. [1]: 7 They are typified by Letharia vulpina (vulpina derives from "fox", not wolf).
Letharia vulpina, wolf lichen, grows like a multiple-branched tuft or leafless mini-shrub, so it has a fruticose growth form. Flavoparmelia caperata has leaf-like structures, so it is foliose . Caloplaca marina grows like an orange crust coating the rock, so it is crustose .
Phacopsis vulpina Tul. (1852) – France; host=Letharia; In 1995, Triebel and colleagues described Phacopsis menegazziae for a Nepalese fungus similar to Phacopsis oxyspora, but with smaller spore dimensions and growing on the host Menegazzia terebrata. [10]
Letharia columbiana (common name brown-eye wolf lichen) is a common lichen in subalpine forests, particularly in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and parts of Canada. [1] It is in the family Parmeliaceae, and the genus Letharia. Its characteristics include a bright citron color, “brown-eyes”, and rounded, irregular branches. [2]