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Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
Gold plated - gold layer thickness greater than or equal to 0.5 micron; Heavy gold plated / Vermeil - gold layer thickness greater than or equal to 2.5 micron; Gold plated silver jewellery can still tarnish as the silver atoms diffuse into the gold layer, causing slow gradual fading of its color and eventually causing tarnishing of the surface ...
Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, for ...
Gold wire ball-bonded to a gold contact pad. Contact pads or bond pads are small, conductive surface areas of a printed circuit board (PCB) or die of an integrated circuit. They are often made of gold, copper, or aluminum and measure mere micrometres wide. Pads are positioned on the edges of die, to facilitate connections without shorting.
While tungsten-carbide bits are very hard, they eventually wear out or break. Drilling is a considerable part of the cost of a through-hole printed circuit board. Surface mount components, including resistors, transistors and an integrated circuit A PCB in a computer mouse: the component side (left) and the printed side (right)
A drill bit with surface finishing to make the cutting edges harder. Surface finishing is a broad range of industrial processes that alter the surface of a manufactured item to achieve a certain property. [1]
Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. [1] It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane ).
Populated (rear) and unpopulated (front) TSOP land patterns on a printed circuit board. A row of through-holes acting as the footprint for a pin header.. A footprint or land pattern is the arrangement of pads (in surface-mount technology) [1] or through-holes (in through-hole technology) used to physically attach and electrically connect a component to a printed circuit board.