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Mare Liberum (or The Freedom of the Seas) is a book in Latin on international law written by the Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius, first published in 1609.In The Free Sea, Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all nations were free to use it for seafaring trade.
Between the end of the 15th century up until the 17th century various powers claimed sovereignty over parts of the sea. In 1609, Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius wrote what is considered the foundation of international legal doctrine regarding the seas and oceans – Mare Liberum, a Latin title that translates to "freedom of the seas". [2]
The Roman historian Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus wrote a story about the emperor Caligula, who, as if collecting spoils from war, commanded his men to collect shells. [4] It is commonly believed that Caligula declared war on Neptune here, but this myth comes not from Suetonius but Robert Graves's I, Claudius.
Naval Battles of the First World War (Pen and Sword, 2014) Halpern, Paul. A naval history of World War I (Naval Institute Press, 2012). Hough, Richard. The Great War at Sea, 1914–1918 (Oxford UP, 1987) Marder, Arthur Jacob. From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow (4 vol. 1961–70), covers Britain's Royal Navy 1904–1919
Many German warships were already at sea when war was declared in September 1939, including most of the available U-boats and the "pocket battleships" Deutschland and Admiral Graf Spee which had sortied into the Atlantic in August. These ships immediately attacked British and French shipping.
And that is a free Palestine, from the river to the sea." [56] The ADL accused Hill of using the phrase "from the river to the sea" as code for the destruction of Israel. [55] Hill apologized, but later tweeted "You say 'River to the Sea' is "universally" understood to mean the destruction of the Jewish State? On what basis do you make this claim?
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This successful campaign encompassed the Tyrrhenian Sea, Libyan Sea, Sea of Sardinia, Sea of Corsica, and the of Sicily, a feat accomplished through his relentless energy and the dedication of his lieutenants. [50] [53] After concluding these initial operations, Pompey made a brief stop in Rome before heading to Brindisi. He then turned his ...