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In very early versions of the SQL standard the return code was called SQLCODE and used a different coding schema. The following table lists the standard-conforming values - based on SQL:2011 . [ 1 ] The table's last column shows the part of the standard that defines the row.
Set operations in SQL is a type of operations which allow the results of multiple queries to be combined into a single result set. [1] Set operators in SQL include UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, which mathematically correspond to the concepts of union, intersection and set difference.
PL/SQL provides the functionality of other procedural programming languages, such as decision making, iteration etc. A PL/SQL program unit is one of the following: PL/SQL anonymous block, procedure, function, package specification, package body, trigger, type specification, type body, library. Program units are the PL/SQL source code that is ...
An exception handling mechanism allows the procedure to raise an exception [2] if this precondition is violated, [1] for example if the procedure has been called on an abnormal set of arguments. The exception handling mechanism then handles the exception. [3] The precondition, and the definition of exception, is subjective.
SQL permits only one instance of a table of given type (OPERATION in the example below), while ASN.1 permits multiple Information Object Sets derived from the same Information Object Class, what should be most correctly related to multiple instances of the same table in terms of SQL (OPERATION in the example below).
The implementation of exception handling in programming languages typically involves a fair amount of support from both a code generator and the runtime system accompanying a compiler. (It was the addition of exception handling to C++ that ended the useful lifetime of the original C++ compiler, Cfront. [18]) Two schemes are most common.
This list includes SQL reserved words – aka SQL reserved keywords, [1] [2] as the SQL:2023 specifies and some RDBMSs have added. ... SQL Server: Teradata EXCEPTION ...
Firebird does not raise mutating table exceptions (like Oracle), and triggers will by default both nest and recurse as required (SQL Server allows nesting but not recursion, by default.) Firebird's triggers use NEW and OLD context variables (not Inserted and Deleted tables,) and provide UPDATING, INSERTING, and DELETING flags to indicate the ...