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The punishment of Birching and cat o' nine tails continued to be used in Northern Ireland into the 1940s. [7] The Isle of Man caused a good deal of controversy by continuing to birch young offenders until 1976. [8] [9] The birch was also used on offending teenage boys until the mid-1960s on the Channel Islands of Guernsey and Jersey.
Judicial corporal punishment is the infliction of corporal punishment as a result of a sentence imposed on an offender by a court of law, including flagellation (also called flogging or whipping), forced amputations, caning, bastinado, birching, or strapping.
In the Roman Empire, the maximum penalty which a Roman citizen could receive under the law was 40 "lashes" or 40 "strokes" with a whip which was applied to the back and shoulders, or 40 lashes or strokes with the "fasces" (similar to a birch rod, but consisting of 8–10 lengths of willow rather than birch) which were applied to the buttocks ...
Articles relating to the domestic donkey (Equus africanus asinus). It is a hoofed mammal in the family Equidae, the same family as the horse. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus. It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.
Pillories were a common form of punishment.. Public humiliation exists in many forms. In general, a criminal sentenced to one of many forms of this punishment could expect themselves be placed (restrained) in a central, public, or open location so that their fellow citizens could easily witness the sentence and, in some cases, participate as a form of "mob justice".
By a majority of six votes to one, the court held Tyrer's birching to constitute degrading treatment contrary to the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. [2] Significant conclusions of the case included that "the Convention is a living instrument which, as the Commission rightly stressed, must be interpreted in the light of ...
This is a list of the horse breeds usually considered to be native to Indonesia. [1] [2] Some may have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Indonesian.
An adult male donkey is a jack or jackass, an adult female is a jenny or jennet, [4] [5] [6] and an immature donkey of either sex is a foal. [6] Jacks are often mated with female horses (mares) to produce mules ; the less common hybrid of a male horse (stallion) and jenny is a hinny .