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  2. Water of crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization

    In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

  3. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    However, the release of the heat of fusion during crystallization causes the entropy of the universe to increase, thus this principle remains unaltered. The molecules within a pure, perfect crystal, when heated by an external source, will become liquid. This occurs at a sharply defined temperature (different for each type of crystal).

  4. Magmatic water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatic_water

    Because of its low viscosity, this is the least explosive form of magma. Basaltic magma may found in regions such as Hawaii, known for its shield volcanoes. [1], [7] Basaltic magma forms minerals such as calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. The water composition of basaltic magma varies dependent on the evolution of the magma chamber.

  5. Physical change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_change

    A physical change involves a change in physical properties. Examples of physical properties include melting, transition to a gas, change of strength, change of durability, changes to crystal form, textural change, shape, size, color, volume and density. An example of a physical change is the process of tempering steel to

  6. Freezing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing

    Most liquids freeze by crystallization, formation of crystalline solid from the uniform liquid. This is a first-order thermodynamic phase transition, which means that as long as solid and liquid coexist, the temperature of the whole system remains very nearly equal to the melting point due to the slow removal of heat when in contact with air, which is a poor heat conductor.

  7. Crystal polymorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_polymorphism

    Phase transitions (phase changes) that help describe polymorphism include polymorphic transitions as well as melting and vaporization transitions. According to IUPAC, a polymorphic transition is "A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure."

  8. Fractional crystallization (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_crystallization...

    Addition and loss of water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the compositional changes that must be considered. [5] For example, the partial pressure of water in silicate melts can be of prime importance, as in near-solidus crystallization of magmas of granite composition.

  9. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Once calcite occurs in the water, new calcite will prefer to form on the old calcite due to the available bonds on the crystals and the proximity and number of calcite surfaces in the water. [citation needed] This process is either called template assisted crystallization (TAC) or nucleation assisted crystallization (NAC).