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The gastrocolic reflex or gastrocolic response is a physiological reflex that controls the motility, or peristalsis, of the gastrointestinal tract following a meal. It involves an increase in motility of the colon consisting primarily of giant migrating contractions, in response to stretch in the stomach following ingestion and byproducts of digestion entering the small intestine. [1]
The gastroileal reflex is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis. Initiation of the reflex causes peristalsis in the ileum and the opening of the ileocecal valve (which allows the emptying of the ileal contents into the large intestine, or colon). [ 1 ]
Basal electrical rhythm is a slow wave of electrical activity that can initiate a contraction. Catastalsis is a related intestinal muscle process. [8] Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the failure of peristalsis. Retroperistalsis, the reverse of peristalsis
Defecation (or defaecation) follows digestion, and is a necessary process by which organisms eliminate a solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material known as feces from the digestive tract via the anus or cloaca.
In the large intestine, [2] the passage of the digesting food in the colon is a lot slower, taking from 30 to 40 hours until it is removed by defecation. [31] The colon mainly serves as a site for the fermentation of digestible matter by the gut flora .
The acid and semi-digested fats in the duodenum trigger the enterogastric reflex – the duodenum sends inhibitory signals to the stomach by way of the enteric nervous system, and sends signals to the medulla that (1) inhibit the vagal nuclei, thus reducing vagal stimulation of the stomach, and (2) stimulate sympathetic neurons, which send ...
The rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), also known as the anal sampling mechanism, anal sampling reflex, rectosphincteric reflex, or anorectal sampling reflex, is a reflex characterized by a transient involuntary relaxation of the internal anal sphincter in response to distention of the rectum. [1]
Defecation is a complex physiologic process, [12] involving interaction between neural processes, reflexes, colorectal contractility and the biomechanics of straining. [ 20 ] In the normal state, the muscular tonus of the puborectalis muscle maintains an angle between anal canal and the rectum.