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In control theory, overshoot refers to an output exceeding its final, steady-state value. [2] For a step input, the percentage overshoot (PO) is the maximum value minus the step value divided by the step value. In the case of the unit step, the overshoot is just the maximum value of the step
In control theory, overshoot refers to an output exceeding its final, steady-state value. [13] For a step input, the percentage overshoot (PO) is the maximum value minus the step value divided by the step value. In the case of the unit step, the overshoot is just the maximum value of the step response minus one.
Tay, Mareels and Moore (1998) defined settling time as "the time required for the response curve to reach and stay within a range of certain percentage (usually 5% or 2%) of the final value." [ 2 ] Mathematical detail
Such identification from the output, however, cannot take account of unobservable dynamics. Sometimes the model is built directly starting from known physical equations, for example, in the case of a mass-spring-damper system we know that ¨ = ˙ (). Even assuming that a "complete" model is used in designing the controller, all the parameters ...
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Consider a system composed by n cascaded non interacting blocks, each having a rise time t r i, i = 1,…,n, and no overshoot in their step response: suppose also that the input signal of the first block has a rise time whose value is t r S. [22] Afterwards, its output signal has a rise time t r 0 equal to
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The zeta function values listed below include function values at the negative even numbers (s = −2, −4, etc.), for which ζ(s) = 0 and which make up the so-called trivial zeros. The Riemann zeta function article includes a colour plot illustrating how the function varies over a continuous rectangular region of the complex plane.