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Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition and interactions through non-covalent bonding. Non-covalent bonding is critical in maintaining the 3D structure of large molecules, such as proteins and is involved in many biological processes in which large molecules bind specifically but transiently to one another.
The black rat is a reservoir host for bubonic plague. The rat fleas that infest the rats are vectors for the disease. In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; [1] whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest . The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter.
The choice of reservoir depends on the problem; for example, the ocean may be a single reservoir or be split into multiple reservoirs. [20] In a type of model called a box model, a reservoir is represented by a box with inputs and outputs. [1]: 81 [20] Geochemical models generally involve feedback.
Kardzali Reservoir in Bulgaria is a reservoir in the Rhodope Mountains. Some reservoirs such as this in Argos, Peloponnese are made for recreational purposes, rather than storing fresh water. A reservoir ( / ˈ r ɛ z ər v w ɑːr / ; from French réservoir [ʁezɛʁvwaʁ] ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam , usually built to store fresh water ...
The term arose in the context of infectious disease research, in contrast to "organism factors", such as the virulence and infectivity of a microbe. Host factors that may vary in a population and affect disease susceptibility can be innate or acquired. Some examples: [1] general health; psychological characteristics and attitude; nutritional state
Cows are natural reservoirs of African trypanosomiasis. In infectious disease ecology and epidemiology, a natural reservoir, also known as a disease reservoir or a reservoir of infection, is the population of organisms or the specific environment in which an infectious pathogen naturally lives and reproduces, or upon which the pathogen primarily depends for its survival.
Static molecular recognition is likened to the interaction between a key and a keyhole; it is a 1:1 type complexation reaction between a host molecule and a guest molecule to form a host–guest complex. To achieve advanced static molecular recognition, it is necessary to make recognition sites that are specific for guest molecules.
Chemists have long been interested in mimicking chemical processes in nature. Coordination cages quickly became a hot topic as they can be made by self-assembly, a tool of chemistry in nature. [4] The conceptualization of a closed-surface molecule capable of incorporating a guest was described by Donald Cram in 1985. [5]