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The constitution of Nigeria is the written supreme law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Nigeria has had many constitutions. Its current form was enacted on 29 May 1999 and kickstarted the Fourth Nigerian Republic .
Human rights in Nigeria are protected under the current constitution of 1999. [1] While Nigeria has made major improvements in human rights under this constitution, the American Human Rights Report of 2012 notes several areas where more improvement is needed, which includes: [2] abuses by Boko Haram, killings by government forces, lack of social equality and issues with freedom of speech.
Nigeria was under British rule up until 1960. [2] After independence, there were many internal conflicts within the country that limited Nigeria’s ability to consolidate. [2] The country was divided along religious and ethnic lines which led to mass killings and eventually, a full civil war that would last until 1970. [2]
This is because English law makes up a substantial part of the Nigerian law. Nigeria, though now a sovereign nation, was once under British rule. Upon gaining independence in 1960, numerous English laws were copied, and most of the laws have since been repealed in England. Nigeria also adopted all laws that were in force in England on 1 January ...
Nationals of origin in Nigeria or another country are allowed to naturalise without renouncing other nationality. [19] Members of the government — like the president, governor, or state and national legislators — are allowed to have dual nationality only if they acquired Nigerian citizenship by birth and have held this continuously.
From 1999 to the present day, the indigenous people of Biafra have been agitating for independence to revive their country. They have registered a human rights organization known as Bilie Human Rights Initiative both in Nigeria and in the United Nations to advocate for their right to self-determination and achieve independence by the rule of law.
Through a decision by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, SERAC v Nigeria (2001), the Charter is also understood to include a right to housing and a right to food as "implicit" in the Charter, particularly in light of its provisions on the right to life (Art. 4), right to health (Art. 16) and to development (Art. 22). [8]
In Nigeria, men and women have an equal right to participate in public office, which is guaranteed to them by the constitution. Section 40 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria bestows upon Nigerian citizens the right to belong to any political party, trade union or any other association for the protection of his interests ...