enow.com Web Search

Search results

  1. Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
  2. Zero-point energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy

    Zero-point energy (ZPE) is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their lowest energy state as described by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. [1] Therefore, even at absolute zero, atoms and molecules retain some vibrational motion.

  3. Quantum chemistry composite methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chemistry...

    The last two terms are zero-point energy corrections scaled with a factor of 0.989 to account for deficiencies in the harmonic approximation and spin-orbit corrections considered only for atoms. The Correlation Consistent Composite Approach is available as a keyword in NWChem [18] and GAMESS (ccCA-S4 and ccCA-CC(2,3)) [19]

  4. Kinetic isotope effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_isotope_effect

    A primary kinetic isotope effect (PKIE) may be found when a bond to the isotopically labeled atom is being formed or broken. [3] [4]: 427 Depending on the way a KIE is probed (parallel measurement of rates vs. intermolecular competition vs. intramolecular competition), the observation of a PKIE is indicative of breaking/forming a bond to the isotope at the rate-limiting step, or subsequent ...

  5. Particle in a box - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_box

    The energy levels increase with , meaning that high energy levels are separated from each other by a greater amount than low energy levels are. The lowest possible energy for the particle (its zero-point energy ) is found in state 1, which is given by [ 10 ] E 1 = ℏ 2 π 2 2 m L 2 = h 2 8 m L 2 . {\displaystyle E_{1}={\frac {\hbar ^{2}\pi ^{2 ...

  6. Ground state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_state

    Energy levels for an electron in an atom: ground state and excited states. After absorbing energy, an electron may jump from the ground state to a higher-energy excited state. The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system.

  7. Quantum error correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_error_correction

    The error-correction demonstration was performed on Schrödinger-cat states encoded in a superconducting resonator, and employed a quantum controller capable of performing real-time feedback operations including read-out of the quantum information, its analysis, and the correction of its detected errors. The work demonstrated how the quantum ...

  8. Quantum vacuum state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_vacuum_state

    In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy. Generally, it contains no physical particles. The term zero-point field is sometimes used as a synonym for the vacuum state of a quantized field which is completely individual. [clarification ...

  9. Fine structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_structure

    The fine structure energy corrections can be obtained by using perturbation theory.To perform this calculation one must add three corrective terms to the Hamiltonian: the leading order relativistic correction to the kinetic energy, the correction due to the spin–orbit coupling, and the Darwin term coming from the quantum fluctuating motion or zitterbewegung of the electron.