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The best known example of the symbol is seen on the Code of Hammurabi stela. The symbol is also illustrated in the "Investiture Scene" painted at the palace of Mari. [4] The most elaborate depiction is found on the Ur-Nammu-stela, where the winding of the cords has been detailed by the sculptor.
The stele was found in three large fragments and reconstructed. [17] It is 225 cm (7 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) high, with a circumference is 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) at the summit and 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) at the base. [17] Hammurabi's image is 65 cm (2 ft 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) high and 60 cm (1 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) wide. [17]
A carving at the top of the stele portrays Hammurabi receiving the laws from Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice, [32] and the preface states that Hammurabi was chosen by Shamash to bring the laws to the people. [33] Because of Hammurabi's reputation as a lawgiver, his depiction can be found in law buildings throughout the world.
The Investiture of Zimri-Lim is a large colorful mural discovered at the Royal Palace of the ancient city-state of Mari in eastern Syria.The fresco, which dates back to the 18th century BC, depicts Zimri-Lim, king of Mari, receiving the rod-and-ring symbol (a ring and a staff, symbols of rule) from the goddess Ishtar. [1]
In 1901 he discovered Hammurabi's Law Code at Susa, of which, he subsequently translated and published the 250 articles of the stele containing approximately 3600 lines; [2] [3] La loi de Hammourabi (vers 2000 av. J.-C.), (1904).
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The Burney Relief is comparatively plain, and so survived. In fact, the relief is one of only two existing large, figurative representations from the Old Babylonian period. The other one is the top part of the Code of Hammurabi, which was actually discovered in Elamite Susa, where it had been brought as booty.
Hammurabi also invaded and conquered Elam to the east, and the kingdoms of Mari and Ebla to the northwest. After a conflict with the Old Assyrian period king Ishme-Dagan, he forced his successor to pay tribute late in his reign. After the reign of Hammurabi, the whole of southern Mesopotamia came to be known as Babylonia.