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Some researchers include a metacognitive component in their definition. In this view, the Dunning–Kruger effect is the thesis that those who are incompetent in a given area tend to be ignorant of their incompetence, i.e., they lack the metacognitive ability to become aware of their incompetence.
A performance appraisal, also referred to as a performance review, performance evaluation, [1] (career) development discussion, [2] or employee appraisal, sometimes shortened to "PA", [a] is a periodic and systematic process whereby the job performance of an employee is documented and evaluated. This is done after employees are trained about ...
Secondary appraisal involves people's evaluation of their resources and options for coping (Lazarus, 1991). [12] One aspect of secondary appraisal is a person's evaluation of who should be held accountable. A person can hold herself, another, or a group of other people accountable for the situation at hand.
A self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model of social behavior focuses on the consequences of another person's outstanding performance on one's own self-evaluation. It sketches out some conditions under which the other's good performance bolsters self-evaluation, i.e., "basking in reflected glory", and conditions under which it threatens self ...
The performance domain might also include an aspect of personal discipline. Individuals would be expected to be in good standing with the law , not abuse alcohol , etc. In jobs where people work closely or are highly interdependent, performance may include the degree to which a person helps out the groups and his or her colleagues .
Performance rating helps people do their jobs better, identifies training and education needs, assigns people to work they can excel in, and maintains fairness in salaries, benefits, promotion, hiring, and firing. Most workers want to know how they are doing on the job. Workers need performance feedback to work effectively.
The term attitude with the psychological meaning of an internal state of preparedness for action was not used until the 19th century. [3]: 2 The American Psychological Association (APA) defines attitude as "a relatively enduring and general evaluation of an object, person, group, issue, or concept on a dimension ranging from negative to positive.
Self-verification is a social psychological theory that asserts people want to be known and understood by others according to their firmly held beliefs and feelings about themselves, [1] that is self-views (including self-concepts and self-esteem). It is one of the motives that drive self-evaluation, along with self-enhancement and self-assessment.