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One of the common payloads of the Soyuz rocket family, a Soyuz spacecraft. This one is for Apollo Soyuz Test Project, an international docking mission with Apollo spacecraft of the United States. There are two variant upper stages in use, the Blok-I (used on the Soyuz 2.1a) and the Improved Blok-I (used on the Soyuz 2.1b). [20] Statistics:
The Soyuz 11A511 type, a member of the R-7 family of rockets, first flew in 1966 and was an attempt to standardize the R-7 family and get rid of the variety of models that existed up to that point. It was basically a Molniya 8K78M without the Blok L stage.
The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet crewed lunar programs. It is launched atop the similarly named Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution, Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, continued to develop and utilize the Soyuz.
This was the first time Soyuz 2.1a rocket was used for an ISS mission launch. 30 October 2014 01:42:52 Soyuz‑2.1a / Fregat-M: Plesetsk, Site 43: Success Meridian 7:
The Soyuz launch vehicle, derived from the R-7 design, became the enterprise’s most renowned product. With ongoing upgrades, Soyuz rockets remain a reliable launch vehicle for manned and unmanned missions. TsSKB and Progress have built and developed several versions, including the Soyuz-U, Soyuz-U2, Molniya-M, Soyuz-FG, and Soyuz-ST.
The Soyuz-FG launch vehicle was an improved version of the Soyuz-U from the R-7 family of rockets, designed and constructed by RKTs Progress in Samara, Russia. The rocket's guidance, navigation, and control system was developed and manufactured by the Polisvit Special Design Bureau in Kharkiv , Ukraine.
The final flight of a Soyuz-U rocket took place on 22 February 2017, carrying Progress MS-05 to the International Space Station. Soyuz-U was in use continuously for almost 44 years. Production of R-7 derived launch vehicles peaked in the late 1970s-early 1980s at 55–60 a year. Soyuz-U held the world record of highest launch rate in a year in ...
The Soyuz‑2.1v represents a major departure from earlier Soyuz rockets. Unlike the Soyuz‑2 upon which it is based, it does away with the four boosters used on all other R-7 vehicles. The single first stage core stage is built around the powerful single-chamber NK-33 engine replacing the four-chamber RD-108 along with structural modifications