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The Dream of the Rood, in the Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project (edition, digital facsimile images, translation), ed. by Martin Foys et al. (Madison: Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, 2019-). The Dream of the Rood, ed. by Michael Swanton, rev. edn (Exeter: University of Exeter, 1987).
Leonard Neidorf specializes in the study of Old English and Middle English literature. He is known as an authority on Beowulf . Neidorf is the author of The Art and Thought of the 'Beowulf'-Poet (2022) and The Transmission of 'Beowulf': Language, Culture, and Scribal Behavior (2017). [ 1 ]
The Vercelli Book is one of the oldest of the four Old English Poetic Codices (the others being the Junius manuscript in the Bodleian Library, the Exeter Book in Exeter Cathedral Library, and the Nowell Codex in the British Library). It is an anthology of Old English prose and verse that dates back to the late 10th century.
Drawing of the runic inscription (Dream of the Rood interpretation) Translation of Ruthwell Cross Inscription [17] At each side of the vine-tracery runic inscriptions are carved. The runes were first described around 1600, and Reginald Bainbrigg of Appleby recorded the inscription for the Britannia of William Camden.
This form of Northumbrian Old English was first recorded in poetry; e.g. Cædmon's Hymn c. 658-680), writings of the Venerable Bede (c. 700 AD) and the Leiden Riddle. [9] The language is also attested in the Lindisfarne Gospels c. 970 AD, in modern Scotland as a carved runic text, the Dream of the Rood, and on the Ruthwell Cross, c. 750 AD.
The Dream of the Rood, from which lines are found on the Ruthwell Cross, is the only surviving fragment of Northumbrian Old English from early Medieval Scotland. In Latin early works include a "Prayer for Protection" attributed to St Mugint, and Altus Prosator ("The High Creator") attributed to St Columba.
An inscription around the edges reads: + Rod is min nama; geo ic ricne Cyning bær byfigynde, blod bestemed (‘Rood is my name. Trembling once, I bore a powerful king, made wet with blood’). These lines bear a close relationship to ll. 44 and 48 in the Old English poem, 'The Dream of the Rood'.
Finally, it contains the famous Vercelli Book — an Old English manuscript which includes the celebrated alliterative poem The Dream of the Rood. The civil archives are not less important and contain documents dating from 882. The Basilica di Sant'Andrea was erected by Cardinal Guala Bicchieri in 1219.