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Zolpidem tartrate, a common but potent sedative–hypnotic drug.Used for severe insomnia. Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep [1]), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep [2] (or surgical anesthesia [note 1]) and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness).
Chemical structure of the prototypical Z-drug zolpidem. Nonbenzodiazepines (/ ˌ n ɒ n ˌ b ɛ n z oʊ d aɪ ˈ æ z ɪ p iː n,-ˈ eɪ-/ [1] [2]), sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia [3 ...
Sedatives and hypnotics should be avoided in people with dementia, [24] according to the medication appropriateness tool for co‐morbid health conditions in dementia criteria. [25] The use of these medications can further impede cognitive function for people with dementia, who are also more sensitive to side effects of medications. [citation ...
More severe side effects include memory problems and hallucinations. [7] While flumazenil, a GABA A –receptor antagonist, can reverse zolpidem's effects, usually supportive care is all that is recommended in overdose. [20] Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine, or Z-drug, which acts as a sedative and hypnotic.
The inhibitory effect of the available GABA is potentiated, leading to sedative and anxiolytic effects. For instance, those ligands with high activity at the α 1 are associated with stronger hypnotic effects, whereas those with higher affinity for GABA A receptors containing α 2 and/or α 3 subunits have good anti-anxiety activity. [178]
Somnifacient (from Latin somnus, sleep [1]), also known as sedatives or sleeping pills, is a class of medications that induces sleep. It is mainly used for treatment of insomnia . Examples of somnifacients include benzodiazepines , barbiturates and antihistamines .
Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, nausea, and dizziness. [5] Severe side effects may include suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, and angioedema. [5] Rapid decreasing of the dose may result in withdrawal. [5] Eszopiclone is classified as a nonbenzodiazepine or Z-drug and a sedative and hypnotic of the cyclopyrrolone group. [7]
Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, [2] [3] is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia. [4] It also has sedative (calming) properties, [5] as well as amnestic (inducing forgetfulness), anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.