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A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of one of the bones of the nose. [3] Symptoms may include bleeding, swelling, bruising, and an inability to breathe through the nose. [1] [3] They may be complicated by other facial fractures or a septal hematoma. [1]
An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
Open door fractures are large, displaced and comminuted, and trapdoor fractures are linear, hinged, and minimally displaced. [4] The hinged orbital blowout fracture is a fracture with an edge of the fractured bone attached on either side. [5]
Essex-Lopresti fracture: Peter Essex-Lopresti: comminuted radial head fracture with interosseous membrane disruption and distal radioulnar joint subluxation: fall from height: Essex Lopresti fracture at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online Galeazzi fracture: Ricardo Galeazzi: radius shaft fracture with dislocation of distal radioulnar ...
Commonly injured facial bones include the nasal bone (the nose), the maxilla (the bone that forms the upper jaw), and the mandible (the lower jaw). The mandible may be fractured at its symphysis, body, angle, ramus, and condyle. [4] The zygoma (cheekbone) and the frontal bone (forehead) are other sites for fractures. [13]
Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie's approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. [5] The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good. In some cases there may be persistent post-surgical facial asymmetry, which can require further treatment. [6]
When zygoma fractures occur, the most typical symptoms are paresthesias in the upper lip, nose, cheek, and lower eyelid, diplopia, and pain.Particular physical characteristics that support zygomatic fracture include globe injury, impaired ocular motility, globe malposition, orbital emphysema, trismus, palpable stepoffs at the inferior or upper lateral edge of the orbit, reduced feeling ...
Bone fractures result from significant trauma to the bone. This trauma can come from a variety of forces – a direct blow, axial loading, angular forces, torque, or a mixture of these. [11] There are various fracture types, including closed, open, stress, simple, comminuted, greenstick, displaced, transverse, oblique. [12] [13]