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In humans, the mandible, or lower jaw, is connected to the temporal bone of the skull via the temporomandibular joint. This is an extremely complex joint which permits movement in all planes. The muscles of mastication originate on the skull and insert into the mandible, thereby allowing for jaw movements during contraction.
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD, also termed "temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome") is pain and dysfunction of the TMJ and the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw). TMD does not fit neatly into any one etiologic category since the pathophysiology is poorly understood and it represents a range of distinct ...
Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary spasms of the tongue, jaw, and mouth muscles that result in bruxism, or grinding of the teeth, and jaw closure. These conditions frequently lead to secondary dental wear as well as temporomandibular joint syndrome. In addition, problems with chewing, speaking, and swallowing may result from ...
Modern digitalised panoramic X-ray devices are capable to take TMJ images, which provides information about articular fossa and condyle. Dynamics of temporomandibular joint during voluntary mouth opening and closing visualized by real-time MRI [52] Pain is the most common reason for people with TMD to seek medical advice. [2]
The temporalis muscle is covered by the temporal fascia, also known as the temporal aponeurosis. This fascia is commonly used in tympanoplasty, or surgical reconstruction of the eardrum. The temporalis muscle is accessible on the temples, and can be seen and felt contracting while the jaw is clenching and unclenching.
Inappropriate development of muscles in the head and neck areas; While identifying the causes of tongue thrust, it is important to remember that the resting posture of the tongue, jaw, and lips are crucial to the normal development of the mouth and its structures.
The tongue is a specialized skeletal muscle that is specially adapted for the activities of speech, chewing, developing gustatory sense (taste) and swallowing. The tongue contains two sets of muscles, the intrinsic- involved with shape of tongue, and the extrinsic- involved with tongue movement. It is attached to the hyoid bone.
These can be affected by tongue malfunction such as tongue thrust. Accordingly, treatment of tongue thrust is essential for treatment of speech disorders, and oral myology therapy aiming at tongue muscles training is an important part of speech therapy. [3] [non-primary source needed]