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Simple relaxation oscillator made by feeding back an inverting Schmitt trigger's output voltage through a RC network to its input.. An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating or alternating current (AC) signal, usually a sine wave, square wave or a triangle wave, [1] [2] [3] powered by a direct current (DC) source.
The oscillator is designed to have a small-signal loop gain greater than one. The higher gain allows an oscillator to start by exponentially amplifying some ever-present noise. [11] As the peaks of the sine wave approach the supply rails, the saturation of the amplifier device flattens (clips) the peaks, reducing the gain.
LO is the local oscillator - the carrier sine wave being modulated I(t) and Q(t) are the time-series data for the in-phase and quadrature components. S is the signal . IQ data has extensive use in many signal processing contexts, including for radio modulation, software-defined radio, audio signal processing and electrical engineering.
VCOs can be generally categorized into two groups based on the type of waveform produced. [4]Linear or harmonic oscillators generate a sinusoidal waveform. Harmonic oscillators in electronics usually consist of a resonator with an amplifier that replaces the resonator losses (to prevent the amplitude from decaying) and isolates the resonator from the output (so the load does not affect the ...
A Colpitts oscillator is an electronic circuit that generates a sinusoidal waveform, typically in the radio frequency range. It uses an inductor and two capacitors in parallel to form a resonant tank circuit, which determines the oscillation frequency.
A numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is a digital signal generator which creates a synchronous (i.e., clocked), discrete-time, discrete-valued representation of a waveform, usually sinusoidal. [1] NCOs are often used in conjunction with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) at the output to create a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). [3]
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The sinusoidal output of an ideal oscillator is a Dirac delta function in the power spectral density centered at the frequency of the sinusoid. Such perfect spectral purity is not achievable in a practical oscillator. Spreading of the spectrum line caused by phase noise is characterized by the fundamental linewidth and the integral linewidth. [4]