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  2. Lyapunov stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_stability

    The definition for discrete-time systems is almost identical to that for continuous-time systems. The definition below provides this, using an alternate language commonly used in more mathematical texts. Let (X, d) be a metric space and f : X → X a continuous function. A point x in X is said to be Lyapunov stable, if,

  3. Lyapunov equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_equation

    The Lyapunov equation, named after the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov, is a matrix equation used in the stability analysis of linear dynamical systems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In particular, the discrete-time Lyapunov equation (also known as Stein equation ) for X {\displaystyle X} is

  4. Lyapunov function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_function

    A Lyapunov function for an autonomous dynamical system {: ˙ = ()with an equilibrium point at = is a scalar function: that is continuous, has continuous first derivatives, is strictly positive for , and for which the time derivative ˙ = is non positive (these conditions are required on some region containing the origin).

  5. Massera's lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massera's_lemma

    In stability theory and nonlinear control, Massera's lemma, named after José Luis Massera, deals with the construction of the Lyapunov function to prove the stability of a dynamical system. [1] The lemma appears in (Massera 1949, p. 716) as the first lemma in section 12, and in more general form in (Massera 1956, p. 195) as lemma 2. In 2004 ...

  6. Lyapunov optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_optimization

    Lyapunov functions are used extensively in control theory to ensure different forms of system stability. The state of a system at a particular time is often described by a multi-dimensional vector. A Lyapunov function is a nonnegative scalar measure of this multi-dimensional state.

  7. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Saturday, December 14

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    If you've been having trouble with any of the connections or words in Saturday's puzzle, you're not alone and these hints should definitely help you out. Plus, I'll reveal the answers further down

  8. Lyapunov theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_theorem

    Lyapunov theorem may refer to: Lyapunov theory, a theorem related to the stability of solutions of differential equations near a point of equilibrium; Lyapunov central limit theorem, variant of the central limit theorem; Lyapunov vector-measure theorem, theorem in measure theory that the range of any real-valued, non-atomic vector measure is ...

  9. Belgium to become first EU country to ban disposable vape sales

    www.aol.com/news/belgium-become-first-eu-country...

    Belgium will in January become the first European Union country to ban sales of disposable vapes because of concerns about their use among children and the environmental damage they can cause. The ...