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Voltaire at 70; engraving from 1843 edition of his Philosophical Dictionary. Like other key Enlightenment thinkers, Voltaire was a deist. [131] He challenged orthodoxy by asking: "What is faith? Is it to believe that which is evident? No. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being.
French philosopher Voltaire argued for religious tolerance. Enlightenment era religious commentary was a response to the preceding century of religious conflict in Europe, especially the Thirty Years' War. [74]
A figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, known as a philosopher, minister, and professor of divinity. Campbell was primarily interested in rhetoric and faculty psychology. Dimitrie Cantemir: 1673–1723: Moldavian(Romanian) Philosopher, historian, composer, musicologist, linguist, ethnographer, and geographer. Émilie du Châtelet: 1706–1749 ...
Candide, ou l'Optimisme (/ k ɒ n ˈ d iː d / kon-DEED, [5] French: ⓘ) is a French satire written by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, [6] first published in 1759. . The novella has been widely translated, with English versions titled Candide: or, All for the Best (1759); Candide: or, The Optimist (1762); and Candide: Optimism (1947)
He was a writer, philosopher, poet, dramatist, historian and polemicist during the French Enlightenment period—and he had a lot to say. Voltaire wrote epic poetry, odes, satire, epistle and ...
In the 1720s, Voltaire exiled himself in England, where he absorbed Locke's ideas. The philosophers were, in general, less hostile to monarchical rule than they were to that of the clergy and the nobility. [19] In his defence of Jean Calas, Voltaire defended Royal justice against the excesses of fantastical provincial courts. [20]
While Catherine worked to bring enlightenment principles to Russia, Voltaire worked to improve her reputation in Europe. The philosopher enthusiastically adopted her cause, commending her to friends in high places, advising her in politics, and distributing her texts to the liberal media, thereby cementing her title as an enlightened despot.
This view was supported by Kant, Locke, Voltaire and Hume, as the public face of the Enlightenment. The Radical Enlightenment, on the other hand, was the view of toleration where the radicals demanded freedom of thought and expression, rather than existing peacefully among each other.