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  2. Price fixing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_fixing

    In neo-classical economics, price fixing is inefficient. The anti-competitive agreement by producers to fix prices above the market price transfers some of the consumer surplus to those producers and also results in a deadweight loss. International price fixing by private entities can be prosecuted under the antitrust laws of many countries.

  3. Anti-competitive practices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-competitive_practices

    Dumping, also known as predatory pricing, is a commercial strategy for which a company sells a product at an aggressively low price in a competitive market at a loss.A company with large market share and the ability to temporarily sacrifice selling a product or service at below average cost can drive competitors out of the market, [1] after which the company would be free to raise prices for a ...

  4. List of price fixing cases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_fixing_cases

    In 2019, the 6 companies behind the "Compote Cartel", a price-fixing scheme for children desserts products, were fined €58.3million for engaging in a sophisticated plan to artificially inflate the prices of their products via secret coordination.

  5. Coercive monopoly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercive_monopoly

    The ability of firms in a coercive monopoly to increase their profits through setting prices above competitive levels brings about the need for antitrust law. There are examples in history wherein a firm that is not a government-granted monopoly is claimed to have a coercive monopoly, and antitrust action has been initiated to resolve the ...

  6. Payment card interchange fee and merchant discount antitrust ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Card_Interchange...

    The suit was filed because of price fixing and other allegedly anti-competitive trade practices in the credit card industry. In February 2019, U.S. District Court Judge Margo K. Brodie approved a settlement in the case that amounted to $5.54 billion. [1]

  7. Competition law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law

    Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. [ 3 ]

  8. Consumer welfare standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_welfare_standard

    In the context of U.S. competition law, the consumer welfare standard (CWS) or consumer welfare principle (CWP) [1] is a legal doctrine used to determine the applicability of antitrust enforcement. Under the consumer welfare standard, a corporate merger is deemed anti-competitive “only when it harms both allocative efficiency and raises the ...

  9. Robinson–Patman Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson–Patman_Act

    The Robinson–Patman Act (RPA) of 1936 (or Anti-Price Discrimination Act, Pub. L. No. 74-692, 49 Stat. 1526 (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 13)) is a United States federal law that prohibits anticompetitive practices by producers, specifically price discrimination.