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  2. Biopolymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymer

    All polymers are made of repetitive units called monomers. Biopolymers often have a well-defined structure, though this is not a defining characteristic (example: lignocellulose): The exact chemical composition and the sequence in which these units are arranged is called the primary structure, in the case of proteins.

  3. Polysaccharide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide

    It can be made of several thousands of glucose units. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylopectin. Polysaccharides (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ s æ k ə r aɪ d /), or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long-chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together ...

  4. Anabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolism

    Photosynthetic carbohydrate synthesis in plants and certain bacteria is an anabolic process that produces glucose, cellulose, starch, lipids, and proteins from CO 2. [6] It uses the energy produced from the light-driven reactions of photosynthesis, and creates the precursors to these large molecules via carbon assimilation in the photosynthetic ...

  5. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes. [1] Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules (Micromolecules) such as vitamins and hormones. A ...

  6. Macromolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecule

    Many macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules called monomers. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and large non-polymeric molecules such as lipids, nanogels and macrocycles. [1]

  7. Amylopectin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylopectin

    Amylopectin / ˌ æ m ɪ l oʊ ˈ p ɛ k t ɪ n / is a water-insoluble [1] [2] polysaccharide and highly branched polymer of α-glucose units found in plants. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylose. Relation of amylopectin to starch granule. Plants store starch within specialized organelles called amyloplasts. To ...

  8. Polymer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

    Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers.

  9. Carbon-based life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-based_life

    Carbohydrates, which store energy in a form that can be used by living cells. [2] Lectin, for binding proteins. [28] Monosaccharide, simple sugars, including glucose and fructose. [2] Disaccharides, sugar soluble in water, including lactose, maltose, and sucrose. [2] Starch, made of amylose and amylopectin, plants energy storage. [2]