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Diagnosis can be difficult and is based on a combination of symptoms and laboratory tests. [1] There are a number of other kinds of lupus erythematosus including discoid lupus erythematosus, neonatal lupus, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. [1] There is no cure for SLE, [1] but there are experimental and symptomatic treatments. [6]
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (i.e., cSLE), also termed juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, is a form of the chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (i.e., SLE), that develops in individuals up to 18 years old. [1]
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints , skin , kidneys , blood cells , heart , and lungs .
In addition, onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms may happen prior to the diagnosis of lupus. [7] Due to the lack of uniform diagnostic standards, statistics about NPSLE vary widely. [8] Tests which aid in diagnosis include MRI, electrophysiological studies, psychiatric evaluation, and autoantibody tests. [9]
The idea behind the "mixed" disease is that this specific autoantibody is also present in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, scleroderma, etc. MCTD was characterized as an individual disease in 1972 by Sharp et al., [3] [4] and the term was introduced by Leroy [5] in 1980.
So the classic presentation of lupus is fever, joint pain, and a rash in a woman of childbearing age, but the actual diagnosis is difficult because it can affect a variety of people of different genders and ages, and there’re also a wide variety of symptoms.
Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus which is a more severe form of SLE that develops in children up to 18 years old; both are autoimmune diseases. [3] [4] It is a type of glomerulonephritis in which the glomeruli become inflamed.
Lupus vasculitis typically indicates a dismal prognosis, so early diagnosis is essential to a successful outcome. [2] The disease can affect small vessels or a single organ, and it can range in severity from a relatively mild condition to a multiorgan system disease with potentially fatal symptoms, like mesenteric vasculitis, [ 3 ] pulmonary ...