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In some phylogenetic trees based upon different gene/protein sequences of prokaryotic homologs, the archaeal homologs are more closely related to those of gram-positive bacteria. [82] Archaea and gram-positive bacteria also share conserved indels in a number of important proteins, such as Hsp70 and glutamine synthetase I; [82] [84] but the ...
Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greek εὐρύς eurús, "broad, wide") is a kingdom of archaea. [3] Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines; halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt; and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C.
The Thermoproteota are prokaryotes that have been classified as a phylum of the domain Archaea. [2] [3] [4] Initially, the Thermoproteota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic Thermoproteota environmental rRNA indicating the organisms may be the most abundant archaea in the marine environment. [5]
Halophiles (organisms that thrive in highly salty environments) and hyperthermophiles (organisms that thrive in extremely hot environments) are examples of Archaea. [1] Archaea are relatively small. They range from 0.1 μm to 15 μm diameter and up to 200 μm long, about the size of bacteria and the mitochondria found in
The bacteria and archaea are thought to be the most ancient of lineages, [21] as fossil strata bearing the chemical signature of archaeal lipids have been dated back to 3.8 billion years ago. [22] The eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. They are thought to have evolved between 1.6 and 2.1 billion years ...
Like all archaea, Thermoproteus possesses unique membrane lipids, which are ether-linked glycerol derivatives of 20 or 40 carbon branched lipids. The lipids' unsaturations are generally conjugated (as opposed to the unconjugation found in Bacteria and Eukaryota).
These microbes are the most acidophilic organisms currently known, [2] with the ability to grow at a pH of less than 0.5. [3] They were first isolated from samples taken from acidic hot springs and dry hot soil in Hokkaido . They are obligate acidophiles and are unable to maintain their membrane integrity at pH values above 4.
Haloarchaea (halophilic archaea, halophilic archaebacteria, halobacteria) [1] are a class of prokaryotic archaea under the phylum Euryarchaeota, [2] found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. 'Halobacteria' are now recognized as archaea rather than bacteria and are one of the largest groups or archaea.