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A telomere (/ ˈ t ɛ l ə m ɪər, ˈ t iː l ə-/; from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) 'end' and μέρος (méros) 'part') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes.
The main alternative lengthening mechanism for telomeres is a type of homologous recombination called Break-induced Telomere Synthesis (or BITS). [1] Normally, homologous recombination allows broken DNA strands to be repaired by lining up with a matching sequence of undamaged DNA, but in BITS, this mechanism is used to extend telomeres.
New strands are created by enzymes called DNA polymerases. Both of these follow a similar pattern, called semi-conservative replication, in which individual strands of DNA are produced in different directions, which makes a leading and lagging strand. These lagging strands are synthesized by the production of Okazaki fragments that are soon joined.
They then used α factor to block cells with induced short telomeres in late G1 phase and measured the change in telomere length when the cells were released under a variety of conditions. They found that when the cells were released and concurrently treated with nocodazole , a G2/M phase cell cycle inhibitor, telomere length increased for the ...
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, [1] is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most eukaryotes .
The replication fork is the junction between the newly separated template strands, known as the leading and lagging strands, and the double stranded DNA. Since duplex DNA is antiparallel, DNA replication occurs in opposite directions between the two new strands at the replication fork, but all DNA polymerases synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3 ...
Telomere: Used to maintain chromosomal integrity by capping off the ends of the linear chromosomes. This region is a microsatellite , but its function is more specific than a simple tandem repeat. Throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, the overall structure of chromosome ends is conserved and is characterized by the telomeric tract - a series of ...
During the process of DNA replication of a chromosome, small segments of DNA within each telomere are unable to be copied and are lost. [10] This occurs due to the uneven nature of DNA replication, where leading and lagging strands are not replicated symmetrically. [11]