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Ruggerio noted three assumptions necessary to the idea of active audience: First, media selection is initiated by the individual. Second, expectations regarding the use of media must be a product of individual predispositions, social interactions and environmental factors. And third, the active audience exhibits goal-directed behavior.
Human-centered design focuses on ensuring that the audience will comprehend the information being presented. It is: "how a frustrated and confused subject...comprehends a critical message in a crowded and noisy environment". [8] The goal of human-centered design is "to make information accessible" and "to give form to data". [9]
Whom refers to the recipient of the message. This can either be an individual or a bigger audience, as in the case of mass communication. The effect is the outcome of the communication, for example, that the audience was persuaded to accept the point of view expressed in the message. It can include effects that were not intended by the sender.
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It is based on the idea of peer influence, and is considered essential for audience-centered approaches to persuasive messages. The principle of social proof suggests what people believe or do is typically learned by observing the norms of those around us. [36] People naturally conform their actions and beliefs to fit what society expects, as ...
The message must be designed (1) to gain the attention of the destination and (2) to be understandable to get the meaning across. Additionally, it must (3) arouse needs in the destination, and (4) suggest a way how these needs can be met. [34] [35] To get the attention of the audience, the message must be accessible to them.
theory. For example, David M. Cutler and colleagues (2003) investigate whether or not the increase in caloric intake over time could be seen as simply a rational response to the lowered prices of food, in particular packaged snack foods, which are tempting to consume because they are convenient and require little time to prepare.
One weakness of the approach is the nature of the yielding step, which assumes that the audience's attitude will change by learning a new message, yet learning does not always result in persuasion. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] McGuire is best known for his inoculation theory of exploring resistance to persuasion, which was influenced by the Yale school's ...