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The Targowica Confederation (Polish: konfederacja targowicka, IPA: [kɔnfɛdɛˈrat͡sja tarɡɔˈvit͡ska], Lithuanian: Targovicos konfederacija) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. [1]
The nobility's Targowica Confederation appealed to the Empress for help and in May 1792 the Russian army entered the territory of the Commonwealth. The defensive war fought by the forces of the Commonwealth ended when the King , convinced of the futility of resistance, capitulated by joining the Targowica Confederation.
War of the Bar Confederation (list of battles) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Habsburg monarchy [c] Defeat First Partition of Poland (1772) 1792 Polish–Russian War of 1792 (list of battles) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Russian Empire Targowica Confederation: Defeat Constitution of 3 May 1791
The Polish–Russian War of 1792 (also, War of the Second Partition, [3] and in Polish sources, War in Defence of the Constitution [a] [4]) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other.
In the War in Defense of the Constitution, pro-Russian conservative Polish magnates, the Confederation of Targowica, fought against Polish forces supporting the constitution, believing that Russians would help them restore the Golden Liberty. Abandoned by their Prussian allies, Polish pro-constitution forces, faced with Targowica units and the ...
To that end these magnates formed the Targowica Confederation. [19] The Confederation's proclamation, prepared in St. Petersburg in January 1792, criticized the constitution for contributing to, in their own words, "contagion of democratic ideas" following "the fatal examples set in Paris".
The May 3rd Constitution was overthrown in mid-1792, by the Targowica Confederation of Polish magnates backed by Russian Empire and eventually joined, under extreme duress, by King Stanisław II August. [8] The ensuing Russian military intervention led (to the Confederates' surprise) to the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. [8]
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, French count, diplomat, politician, military commander, and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Many consider him to have been a traitor who participated with the Russians in the dismemberment of his nation.