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  2. Classical conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning

    Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).

  3. List of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experiments

    Robert Boyle uses an air pump to determine the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. This relationship came to be known as Boyle's law (1660–1662). Joseph Priestley suspends a bowl of water above a beer vat at a brewery and synthesizes carbonated water (1767).

  4. Measures of conditioned emotional response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measures_of_conditioned...

    The conditioned emotional response is usually measured through its effect in suppressing an ongoing response. For example, a rat first learns to press a lever through operant conditioning. Classical conditioning follows: in a series of trials the rat is exposed to a CS, often a light or a noise. Each CS is followed by the US, an electric shock.

  5. Latent learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_learning

    One significant example of classical conditioning is Ivan Pavlov's experiment in which dogs showed a conditioned response to a bell the experimenters had purposely tried to associate with feeding time. After the dogs had been conditioned, the dogs no longer only salivated for the food, which was a biological need and therefore an unconditioned ...

  6. Boyle's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle's_law

    Boyle's law demonstrations. The law itself can be stated as follows: For a fixed mass of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. [2] Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa ...

  7. Spontaneous recovery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_recovery

    Spontaneous recovery is associated with the learning process called classical conditioning, in which an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a stimulus which produces an unconditioned response, such that the previously neutral stimulus comes to produce its own response, which is usually similar to that produced by the unconditioned stimulus.

  8. List of eponymous laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_eponymous_laws

    Fitts's law is used to model the act of pointing, both in the real world, e.g. with a hand or finger, and on a computer, e.g. with a mouse. Flynn effect describes the phenomenon of an increase in IQ test scores for many populations at an average rate of three IQ points per decade since the early 20th century.

  9. Second-order conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_conditioning

    An example of second-order conditioning. In classical conditioning, second-order conditioning or higher-order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first made meaningful or consequential for an organism through an initial step of learning, and then that stimulus is used as a basis for learning about some new stimulus.