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Sensory processing disorder is present in many people with dyspraxia, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individuals with SPD may inadequately process visual , auditory , olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), tactile (touch), vestibular (balance), proprioception (body awareness), and interoception ...
Jean Ayres referred to developmental coordination disorder as a disorder of sensory integration in 1972, [68] [69] while in 1975 Sasson Gubbay, MD, called it the "clumsy child syndrome". [ 42 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ] Developmental coordination disorder has also been called "minimal brain dysfunction", although the two latter names are no longer in use.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in early childhood. ADHD affects 8 to 11% of children in the school going age. [citation needed] ADHD is characterised by significant levels of hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness.
ADHD is the only disorder of attention currently defined by the DSM-5 or ICD-10. Formal diagnosis is made by a qualified professional. It includes demonstrating six or more of the following symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity (or both). [25] [26]
According to proponents of sensory integration therapy, sensory integrative dysfunction is a common disorder for individuals with neurological learning disabilities such as an autism spectrum disorder, [13] [5] attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, [14] and sensory modulation dysfunction. [15]
Developmental – developmental abnormalities in oral-sensory, oral-motor, and swallowing can impact the child's eating ability and elicit a feeding or eating disorder. Environmental – simple issues such as inconsistent meal times can cause a feeding or eating disorder.
The DSM-5 (2013), the current version, also features ICD-9-CM codes, listing them alongside the codes of Chapter V of the ICD-10-CM. On 1 October 2015, the United States health care system officially switched from the ICD-9-CM to the ICD-10-CM. [1] [2] The DSM is the authoritative reference work in diagnosing mental disorders in the world.
In 2020, a meta-analysis of studies found that 7.47% of children and adolescents across Africa have ADHD. [10] ADHD was found more often in boys, at a rate of 2:1. [10] The most common form of ADHD was inattentive (2.95% of total population), followed by hyperactive/impulsive (2.77%), then combined (2.44%). [10]