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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder ( cystitis ) or urethra ( urethritis ) while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney ( pyelonephritis ). [ 10 ]
Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
Risk factors include sexual intercourse, prior urinary tract infections, diabetes, structural problems of the urinary tract, and spermicide use. [2] [3] The mechanism of infection is usually spread up the urinary tract. [2] Less often infection occurs through the bloodstream. [1] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by ...
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Because it measures the thickness of the bladder wall, it is useful in cases of recurrent Urinary tract infections. [13] One study found that, in contrast to simple recurrent UTIs, which typically have a bladder wall thickness of less than 3 mm, cystitis cystica is indicated by values of bladder wall thickness greater than 3 mm. [14]
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This leads to infection in the bladder, kidneys, and other organs connected to the urinary tract. [4] CAUTI can lead to complications such as prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchitis in men, and cystitis, pyelonephritis, gram-negative bacteremia, endocarditis, vertebral osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endophthalmitis, and meningitis in all ...
The presence of nitrites, which causes a pink color on the reagent strip pad, therefore acts as an indicator of urinary tract infection. [51] The nitrite test is quite specific, meaning that someone is likely to have a UTI if it is positive, but it is not sensitive; a negative result does not reliably indicate that the subject does not have a UTI.
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