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Every grand duke after Leopold resided in Florence. Grand Duke Leopold II agreed to ratify a liberal constitution in 1848. He was briefly deposed by a provisional government in 1849, but restored to power the same year by Austrian troops. The government was finally dissolved upon its annexation to the United Provinces of Central Italy in 1859. [7]
The Grand Duke, following the pressure of the Tuscan patriots, then adopted the tricolour flag also as a state banner and as a military banner for the troops sent to help Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia. [74] [77] Similar measures were adopted by the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza and by the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. [78]
In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter known as the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza). The Farnese family continued to rule until the extinction of their male line in 1731. [1]
Cross of Saint Stephen. Galley of the Order of Saint Stephen (1611 celebrating drawing). Flag of the galleys of the Order of Saint Stephen, 1562-end of XVIII century. The order was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici, [5] first Grand Duke of Tuscany, with the approbation of Pope Pius IV on 1 October 1561. [2]
The flag of Tuscany is the official flag of the region of Tuscany, Italy. The flag depicts a silver Pegasus rampant on a white field between two horizontal red bands. The flag first appeared as a gonfalon on 20 May 1975 along with accompanying text Regione Toscana above the Pegasus. It was officially adopted as the flag of Tuscany on 3 February ...
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1860, part of Italy afterwards). The term "grand duchy" is of relatively late invention, used at first in Western Europe in 1569 in the case of Tuscany, to denote either territories of a particularly mighty duke or territories of significant importance in political, economical or military matters without being of sufficient size or importance to be recognized ...
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The history of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a former state on the Italian Peninsula whose capital was the city of Parma, begins in 1545 and ends in 1860.. The duchy was established due to nepotism practiced by Pope Paul III and was initially governed by the Farnese family, to which the pontiff belonged.