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Staph infections have a multitude of different causes, such as: Open wounds – This is by far the biggest cause of staph infection. Any open wound, even ones as small as a paper cut, are vulnerable to being infected. Staph bacteria will enter the body through any open wound, so it is important to properly treat, disinfect, and bandage any wounds.
The infection can affect any skeletal muscle, but most often infects the large muscle groups such as the quadriceps or gluteal muscles. [2] [4] [5] Pyomyositis is mainly a disease of children and was first described by Scriba in 1885. Most patients are aged 2 to 5 years, but infection may occur in any age group.
In advanced cases, the untreated infection will attack the nervous system through the spinal cord which runs parallel to the vertebral column, placing the patient at risk for paralysis of the extremities. Additionally, loss of the ability to move is a trademark symptom of neurologic problems in advanced cases of vertebral osteomyelitis.
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In medical literature, the bacterium is often referred to as S. aureus, Staph aureus or Staph a.. [19] S. aureus appears as staphylococci (grape-like clusters) when viewed through a microscope, and has large, round, golden-yellow colonies, often with hemolysis, when grown on blood agar plates. [20] S. aureus reproduces asexually by binary fission.
Staphylococcus was one of the leading infections in hospitals and many strains of this bacterium have become antibiotic resistant. Despite strong attempts to get rid of them, staphylococcus bacteria stay present in hospitals, where they can infect people who are most at risk of infection. [4] Staphylococcus includes at least 44 species.
These infections can remain localized or become systemic (i.e. bacteremia). The severity of infection varies depending on the type of catheter, frequency of manipulation, and virulence factors of the S. haemolyticus strain. Removal of the catheter is usually considered to be the best treatment, but this is not always possible.
[7] [4] Treatment outcomes of bacterial osteomyelitis are generally good when the condition has only been present a short time. [7] [2] In people with poor blood flow, amputation may be required. [2] Treatment of the relatively rare fungal osteomyelitis as mycetoma infection entails the use of antifungal medications. [9]