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Every program or task that runs on a computer system occupies a certain amount of processing time on the CPU. If the CPU has completed all tasks it is idle. Modern processors use idle time to save power. Common methods are reducing the clock speed along with the CPU voltage and sending parts of the processor into a sleep state.
With a single-execution-unit processor, the best CPI attainable is 1. However, with a multiple-execution-unit processor, one may achieve even better CPI values (CPI < 1). In this case, the processor is said to be superscalar. To get better CPI values without pipelining, the number of execution units must be greater than the number of stages.
The useful work that can be done with any computer depends on many factors besides the processor speed. These factors include the instruction set architecture, the processor's microarchitecture, and the computer system organization (such as the design of the disk storage system and the capabilities and performance of other attached devices), the efficiency of the operating system, and the high ...
ACPI 1.0 (1996) defines a way for a CPU to go to idle "C states", but defines no frequency-scaling system. ACPI 2.0 (2000) introduces a system of P states (power-performance states) that a processor can use to communicate its possible frequency–power settings to the OS. The operating system then sets the speed as needed by switching between ...
A good temperature for your desktop computer's CPU is around 120℉ when idle, and under 175℉ when under stress.
Instructions per second (IPS) is a measure of a computer's processor speed. For complex instruction set computers (CISCs), different instructions take different amounts of time, so the value measured depends on the instruction mix; even for comparing processors in the same family the IPS measurement can be problematic.
2.15×10 12: iPhone 15 Pro September 2023 A17 Pro processor; 4.64×10 12: Radeon HD 5970 in 2009 from AMD (under ATI branding) at its peak performance; 5.152×10 12: S2050/S2070 1U GPU Computing System from Nvidia; 11.3×10 12: GeForce GTX 1080 Ti in 2017; 13.7×10 12: Radeon RX Vega 64 in 2017; 15.0×10 12: Nvidia Titan V in 2017; 80×10 12 ...
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