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Clopidogrel, sold under the brand name Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. [10] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent ( dual antiplatelet therapy ). [ 10 ]
An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant), also known as a platelet agglutination inhibitor or platelet aggregation inhibitor, is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation [1] and inhibit thrombus formation.
Metabolism of ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel to an active metabolite. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that is metabolized by two pathways. In one of the pathway most of the dose of clopidogrel (85%) is hydrolyzed by esterases to an inactive carboxylic acid derivate and rapidly cleared via glucoridination followed by renal excretion.
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
An antithrombotic agent is a drug that reduces the formation of blood clots (). [1] [2] Antithrombotics can be used therapeutically for prevention (primary prevention, secondary prevention) or treatment of a dangerous blood clot (acute thrombus).
Stress gastritis and ulcer prevention in critical care [18] Gastrinomas; Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (often 2–3× the regular dose is required) [19] Specialty professional organizations recommend that people take the lowest effective PPI dose to achieve the desired therapeutic result when used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease long-term.
A mere 2.5 percent of all primary care doctors have gone through the certification process. “I cannot say it enough,” said then-Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.) at the meeting. “Unless primary care physicians can identify the disease of addiction and know how to intervene, we will make slower progress than we should,” Levin said.
Ticagrelor (Brilinta) is often listed with thienopyridine inhibitors and has similar indications for use but is not a thienopyridine. It is a cyclo-pentyltriazolo-pyrimidine that is distinct from the mechanism of the thienopyridines in that it reversibly (rather than irreversibly) inhibits the P2Y 12 receptor.