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2. Zener diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_diode

   A Zener diode is a special type of diode designed to reliably allow current to flow "backwards" (inverted polarity) when a certain set reverse voltage, known as the Zener voltage, is reached. Zener diodes are manufactured with a great variety of Zener voltages and some are even variable.

3. Zener effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zener_effect

   In electronics, the Zener effect (employed most notably in the appropriately named Zener diode) is a type of electrical breakdown, discovered by Clarence Melvin Zener. It occurs in a reverse biased p-n diode when the electric field enables tunneling of electrons from the valence to the conduction band of a semiconductor , leading to numerous ...

4. Diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode

   The only practical difference between the two types is they have temperature coefficients of opposite polarities. Constant-current diodes These are actually JFETs [37] with the gate shorted to the source, and function like a two-terminal current-limiting analog to the voltage-limiting Zener diode. They allow a current through them to rise to a ...

5. p–n junction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P–n_junction

   Zener diodes have a low breakdown voltage. A standard value for breakdown voltage is for instance 5.6 V. This means that the voltage at the cathode cannot be more than about 5.6 V higher than the voltage at the anode (though there is a slight rise with current), because the diode breaks down, and therefore conducts, if the voltage gets any ...

6. Breakdown voltage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltage

   Diode I-V diagram. Breakdown voltage is a parameter of a diode that defines the largest reverse voltage that can be applied without causing an exponential increase in the leakage current in the diode. Exceeding the breakdown voltage of a diode, per se, is not destructive; although, exceeding its current capacity will be.

7. Avalanche breakdown - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche_breakdown

   Avalanche diodes (commonly encountered as high voltage Zener diodes) are constructed to break down at a uniform voltage and to avoid current crowding during breakdown. These diodes can indefinitely sustain a moderate level of current during breakdown. The voltage at which the breakdown occurs is called the breakdown voltage.