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Countries may wish to restrict import of cryptography technologies for a number of reasons: Imported cryptography may have backdoors or security holes (e.g. the FREAK vulnerability), intentional or not, which allows the country or group who created the backdoor technology, for example the National Security Agency (NSA), to spy on persons using the imported cryptography; therefore the use of ...
In some countries, even the domestic use of cryptography is, or has been, restricted. Until 1999, France significantly restricted the use of cryptography domestically, though it has since relaxed many of these rules. In China and Iran, a license is still required to use cryptography. [4] Many countries have tight restrictions on the use of ...
Encryption export terminology is defined in EAR part 772.1. [14] In particular: Encryption Component is an encryption commodity or software (but not the source code), including encryption chips, integrated circuits etc. Encryption items include non-military encryption commodities, software, and technology.
The export of cryptography is the transfer from one country to another of devices and technology related to cryptography.. In the early days of the Cold War, the United States and its allies developed an elaborate series of export control regulations designed to prevent a wide range of Western technology from falling into the hands of others, particularly the Eastern bloc.
Furthermore, encryption registration with the BIS is required for the export of "mass market encryption commodities, software and components with encryption exceeding 64 bits" (75 FR 36494). In addition, other items require a one-time review by or notification to BIS prior to export to most countries. [ 8 ]
On 21 December 2017, Lithuanian Government bans Kaspersky Lab software on sensitive computers claiming it to be a threat to Lithuanian national security. [ 28 ] On 14 May 2018, the Dutch government announced it decided to phase out the use of antivirus software made by Kaspersky Labs “as a precautionary measure” and was advising companies ...
Interactive maps, databases and real-time graphics from The Huffington Post
BULLRUN: a highly classified U.S. National Security Agency program to preserve its ability to eavesdrop on encrypted communications by influencing and weakening encryption standards, by obtaining master encryption keys, and by gaining access to data before or after it is encrypted either by agreement, by force of law, or by computer network ...