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The drug is occasionally used on an intermittent basis to prevent seizures in catamenial epilepsy. [10] The sulfur-containing antiseizure and antimigraine drug topiramate is a weak inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, particularly subtypes II and IV. [11] Whether carbonic anhydrase inhibition contributes to its clinical activity is not known.
Sultiame (or sulthiame) is a sulfonamide and inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. It is used as an anticonvulsant and in recent studies showed promise in reducing sleep disordered breathing and other symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Topiramate selectively inhibits cytosolic (type II) and membrane-associated (type IV) forms of carbonic anhydrase. Its action on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes may contribute to the drug's side effects, including its propensity to cause metabolic acidosis and calcium phosphate kidney stones.
Common side effects include eye discomfort, eye redness, taste changes, and blurry vision. [3] Serious side effects may include allergic reactions and heart failure. [3] Use is not recommended in those with asthma, a sulfonamide allergy, or a slow heart rate. [3] [7] Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and timolol is a beta blocker. [3]
Serious side effects include Steven Johnson syndrome. [3] Those allergic to sulfonamides may be allergic to dorzolamide. [3] [5] Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding. [5] It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humor. [3] Dorzolamide was approved for medical use in the United States ...
Acetazolamide is a first generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and it decreases the ocular fluid and osmolality in the eye to decrease intraocular pressure. [5] [6] Common side effects include numbness, ringing in the ears, loss of appetite, vomiting, and sleepiness. [2]
The most common side effect is conjunctival hyperaemia (increased bloodflow in the outer layer of the eye), which occurs in over 10% of people taking the drug. Side effects in less than 10% of people include other eye problems such as itching, foreign body sensation or dry eye, as headache or hyperpigmentation (darkening) of the skin around the eye.
Methazolamide (trade name Neptazane) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is indicated in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Also it is used preoperatively in acute angle-closure (narrow-angle) glaucoma where lowering the IOP is desired before surgery.