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The term comes colloquially from fastening wood at the bottom, or toe, of the board. A variation of toenailing is to use screws, casually known as "toe-screwing". Toenails are typically driven in opposing pairs when possible, or pairs of pairs when appropriate. The angled nailing makes later dismantling difficult or destructive.
Alternatively, the wood can be bleached to remove the natural colour of the wood and then stained to the desired colour. [10] [11] Woods that are coarse textured such as oaks and other ring-porous hardwoods may need to be filled before they are finished to ensure the coating can bridge the pores and resist cracking.
Wood that will be removed in the finished work. It is often retained during working as a handle to conveniently hold and manipulate the portion being worked. wasting Quickly removing wood during carving, usually with an adze, knife, or rasp. wood A porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and woody plants.
A table green wood-stained and varnished with three layers of polyurethane varnish. Polyurethane varnishes are typically hard, abrasion-resistant, and durable coatings. They are popular for hardwood floors but are considered by some wood finishers to be difficult or unsuitable for finishing furniture or other detailed pieces. Polyurethanes are ...
Water-based lacquers are used extensively in wood furniture finishing as well. One drawback of water-based lacquer is that it has a tendency to be highly reactive to other fresh finishes such as quick-dry primer (excluding waterborne lacquer primers), caulking and even some paints that have a paint/primer aspect.
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It then bites back into the wood from the side opposite the nail's head, forming a rivet-like fastening. [24] Clench-nails used in building clinker boats. [25] Shoe tack – A clinching nail (see above) for clinching leather and sometimes wood, formerly used for handmade shoes. [26] Carpet tack; Upholstery tacks – used to attach coverings to ...